Rung Five
Myths and everyday exposures
Unclear

Permanent hair dye and straighteners

chemical hair products. Personal care.

Verdict
UnclearThere isn't enough human evidence to say either way.
How sure
Rung 2 · LimitedFew, small or conflicting human studies, or only indirect measures such as blood markers.
How big
9% higher breast cancer risk with regular use in one large study, and 45% higher among Black women.

The rung shows how sure the science is, not how big the effect is. How to read these ratings

Cancers affected

Breast

What the evidence shows

In 46,709 women, regular permanent dye use was linked to 9% higher breast cancer risk, and 45% higher among Black women; straighteners were also linked. Earlier studies were mixed and this was observational.

What to do

No firm recommendation yet. Using these products less often is a reasonable precaution.

Sources

To take it to your doctor, print this page.

Step by step

For the whole picture, from prevention and screening to treatment and life after, see the breast cancer page.

Related

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